Biodiversity of orchids of the genus Phragmipedium and molecular DNA markers

In Peru there are 10 species of this genus Phragmipedium, which are P. pearcei, P. besseae, P. caricinum, P. boissierianum, P. caudatum, P. wallisii, P. czerwiakowianum, P. richteri, P. reticulatum and P. kovachii. These species are distributed in some regions of the country, such as San Martín, Huánuco, among others. In addition, preservation studies are being carried out since Phragmipedium kovachii is in danger of extinction. Likewise, interest is being shown in the study of these species through various molecular marker techniques based on DNA. In this sense, the first chapter deals with the central concepts of the orchid, as well as its distribution, characteristics, typology, morphology, inflorescence and pollination, and the taxonomy of the Orchidaceae family, which explains why it is the most commercialized and valued species by people. The second chapter details general notions of the Phragmipedium genus, as well as the characteristics of the 10 species of Phragmipedium found in Peru. The third chapter addresses the essential aspects of genetic markers, such as elementary concepts of genetic, morphological and molecular or DNA-based markers, where the latter presents four markers: restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), microsatellites (SRR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP).